Bursitis: Definition, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Bursitis is an inflammation of the bursae, small fluid-filled sacs located in the joints. These bursae act as cushions between bones, muscles, tendons, and skin, reducing friction and allowing smooth movement within the joints. When a bursa becomes inflamed, it causes pain and limits the movement of the affected joint.

Causes of Bursitis

There are several potential causes of bursa inflammation. The most common include:

Repetitive Movements: Activities involving repetitive movements or constant pressure on a joint, such as lifting heavy objects, kneeling, or leaning on elbows for prolonged periods, can lead to bursitis.
Injury: Direct blows to a joint or a fall can irritate a bursa and cause inflammation.
Inflammatory Diseases: Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or gout can also cause bursitis due to crystal buildup or generalized inflammation in the body.
Infections: In less common cases, an infection can cause bursitis if bacteria enter the bursa, especially in bursae close to the skin.

Symptoms of Bursitis

Bursitis symptoms vary in intensity depending on the cause and level of inflammation. Some common symptoms include:

Pain in the affected area, which worsens with movement.
Tenderness in the inflamed joint.
Visible swelling around the joint.
Stiffness that limits the range of motion.

The most affected joints tend to be the shoulders, elbows, hips, knees, and ankles, though bursitis can occur in any joint.

Diagnosing Bursitis

If you experience symptoms of bursitis, it's essential to see a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis. The doctor may perform a physical examination and, in some cases, may require additional tests, such as X-rays, MRIs, or ultrasounds, to confirm the inflammation in the bursa and rule out other conditions.

Treatment for Bursitis

The treatment for bursitis depends on its cause and the severity of the symptoms. Some of the most common options include:

Rest: Avoid activities that aggravate the affected joint.
Ice and Compression: Applying ice in 15-20 minute intervals and compressing the area helps reduce inflammation.
Anti-Inflammatory Medications: Drugs like ibuprofen or naproxen can alleviate pain and decrease inflammation.
Physical Therapy: Stretching and strengthening exercises help improve joint mobility and prevent recurrence.
Corticosteroid Injections: In severe cases, a doctor may recommend an injection to reduce inflammation quickly.
Drainage or Surgery: If bursitis is due to an infection or is chronic and unresponsive to other treatments, drainage or, in extreme cases, surgery to remove the bursa may be necessary.

Preventing Bursitis

Prevention is essential to avoid recurrent bursitis, especially if you've had it before. Some recommendations for preventing bursitis include:

Maintain Good Posture: Avoid positions that place unnecessary pressure on the joints.
Take Breaks During Repetitive Activities: If your work or daily activities involve repetitive movements, try to take frequent breaks to reduce stress on the joints.
Use Protective Equipment: For activities that require kneeling or applying pressure to joints, such as gardening, using knee pads or protective gear can help reduce risk.
Engage in Low-Impact Exercise: Activities like swimming, walking, or cycling strengthen muscles without causing excessive stress on the joints.
Maintain a Healthy Weight: This reduces pressure on the joints, especially in the knees and hips.

Conclusion

Bursitis is a condition that, while common, can be debilitating if not managed properly. The key lies in identifying symptoms early, receiving the right treatment, and taking preventive measures to avoid recurrence. With a proactive approach, it’s possible to maintain good joint health and continue with daily activities comfortably.

Always consult with a healthcare professional if you experience persistent symptoms to obtain an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.